Physico-chemical and Gc-Ms Analysis of Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton Seed) Oil

Introduction and Objectives: The fatty acid profile of cotton seed oil, can be used to assess its nutritional value as ell the industrial applications of the oil as well. The significant amino acids such as Lipase, phytase, and lecithin were confirmed to found in cotton seed oil .Additionally, cotton seed oil is made to contained substantial natural antioxidants and α-tocopherols which give it shelf life longer than other related edible oils. The aim of this study is evaluate the physicochemical properties and characterized the Gossypium hirsutum oil using GC-MS analysis.

Materials and Methods: The cotton seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction procedure. The physicochemical parameters such as Acid value, Free Fatty acids content, Iodine value, Saponification value, Peroxide value, Viscosity(40°C), Refractive Index, Moisture content, Specific gravity (30°C), and colour index were determined by standard procedures described by AOAC , while the ester value was determined by baltes method. The oil was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis.

Results: The physicochemical parameters showed that the acid value, free fatty acids content, iodine value, Saponification value, ester value, Peroxide value, viscosity, refractive index, moisture content, Specific gravity of the oil were 0.94±0.020 (mgKOH/gOil), 0.34±0.016%, 75.70±0.150gI/100g, 210.9±0.023millieqv/g, 209.4±0.027mgKOH/gOil, 8.82±0.010meq/kg, 4.41±0.113cSt, 1.383±0.003, 0.22±0.010%, 0.915±0.001 respectively. While the the oil was found to be Dark red in color. The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil shows the presence of twenty five (25) chemical compound ,in which six (6) where found to have biological activity related to Antibacterial activity, Anticancer Drug, Antiseborrhoeic , Anti-inflammatory, Hypocholesterolemic, Cancer Preventive, Insectifuge, Antiarthritic, Antieczemic Hepatoprotective, Antiandrogenic, Nematicide, Antihistaminic, Cytoprotective activity and Anti-inflammatory this includes 4,8-Diaza-2,9-dibenzoyl-5, 6-diphenyl-2,8-decadienedioic acid tridecan-7-ol, Undecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-, (E)-hexadec-7-enal and (Z)-7-Hexadecenoic acid respectively.

Conclusion: Cotton seed oil's physicochemical parameters were found to be within the NAFDAC and Cordex standards, liquids in nature, unsaturated, and slow to oxidation and rancidity and it is suitable for consumption . The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil reveals the presence of twenty-five (25) chemical compounds, six (6) of which exhibit biological activity and can be used in industrial, food, additive, and pharmacological formulations.