Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem worldwide. The prevalence is high in developing countries compared to developed countries. In Bangladesh, anaemia during pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity as it is an additional risk factor for pregnancy complications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant mothers and determine associated risk factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and Hospital (JRRMCH), Sylhet, from February to May 2022. A total of 400 study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. A Chi-square test and binary logistic regression test were carried out to determine associated risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: Among 400 study participants, the prevalence was 53.50%. Among them 32.25% had mild anaemia, 20.25% had moderate anaemia, and 1% had severe anaemia. The prevalence was higher in rural areas (58.09%) than urban areas (46.54%). The majority of them were in the age group between 15-26 years. About 44.75% were primi gravida and 55.25% were multi gravida. About 70.25% of the respondents had taken iron supplementation. Maternal age 27-38 year (Adjusted odd ratio (AOR=1.847)), family monthly income (BDT) 50000-75000 (AOR=2.145), nuclear family (AOR=2.045), para (AOR=2.949), and gravida (AOR=1.636) were found to be independent factors of anaemia among pregnant mothers. Iron and folic acid supplement was protective of anaemia (AOR=0.432).

Conclusion: In our study, more than half of pregnant mothers were anaemic and most had mild to moderate anaemia. Based on identified risk factors it is highly recommended to improve socio-economic condition, level of education, family planning services and nutritional status. Iron supplementation should be encouraged for pregnant mothers.