Insight into the Trends in Male Contraception: An Advanced Study

Contraception is a fundamental human right as it affects the lifestyle, health, and wellbeing of society as well as the environment. Despite the significant advances in the contraceptive options available for women, vasectomy and condoms are the only contraceptive methods available for men. But nowadays many men want to contribute equally to family planning with their partners. Various trials have been performed over the last few decades to develop a safe, effective, and reversible male contraceptive. Thus, different hormonal and non-hormonal approaches have been employed for the development of male contraceptives. The hormonal approach is mainly based on the repression of gonadotropins and, thus, spermatogenesis. This approach achieved efficient contraception in most men but not in all. Additionally, various efforts are underway to reduce the side effects and improve till full efficacy is achieved. The non-hormonal approach is specific and can target sperm production, maturation, and function. A range of non-hormonal agents have been identified and studied in animal models; however, this approach is also in its preclinical stage. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pre-existing and upcoming techniques applied for male contraception. From all these efforts, men's situation can change, and in the near future, men will be able to choose the best contraceptive suited to their needs.