The HOX Gens and ncRNAs Control the Pathogenesis of the Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to gliadin contained in gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, barley and other cereals. Celiac disease is not a disease to Mendelian genetic transmission, but there is a certain degree of genetic disposition in the patient's relatives. An intolerance to gluten determine severe damage to the intestinal mucosa, as villous atrophy. The intolerance to gluten is contrasted by the body with the production of antibodies that, in turn, damage the intestinal mucosa causing a decrease of intestinal absorption. Recently, 39 genomic regions were identified associated with CD and located on chromosome 2; the genes located in this area are physically in contiguity with the HOXD locus present on chromosome 2q31. The Class I homeobox genes (HOX in human), are 39 transcription factors able to control embryonic development and the cell memory program interacting with non coding RNA. I consider the HOX network “The Rosetta stone” of human biology; therefore, does HOX gene network able to control the change of the cell memory program in the CD?