Neurodegenerative Disease: Parkinson’s –A Comprehensive Review

The most prevalent neurodegenerative condition is Parkinson’s Disease. There are three primary processes for the loss of neurons that may operate alone or in concert to result in neurodegeneration. This lethal trifecta of excitotoxicity, metabolic compromise, and oxidative stress results in necrotic and apoptotic neuronal cell death. It is thought that elements of each of these three pathways contribute to the neurodegeneration as seen in Parkinson's illnesses. Promoting neuronal development and function or preventing neurotoxic processes are typical tactics used to rescue or protect damaged neurons. Many other neuroprotective drugs have been tested in depth using animal models that mimic this illness. The care of Parkinson's disease (PD) is projected to become a more significant and difficult component of medical practice for neurologists and general practitioners as the population ages.

With the discovery of many gene mutations over the past ten years, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sporadic cases of PD, our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology has evolved. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still primarily clinical, thus it's critical to recognize the early symptoms as well as those that point to additional causes of parkinsonism.

Along with a deeper understanding of non-motor problems, therapies have rapidly expanded for both the early and late stages of the illness. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK has produced guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with PD.