Efficacy of Three Different Photobiomodulation Therapies on Primary and Secondary Implant Stability in D3 and D4 Bone Type- A Research Protocol for Randomised Controlled Trial

Introduction: Osseointegration is considered one of the most important deciding factors to check for implant stability, which decides successful outcome of the implant. Photobiomodulation has been used to improve the implant stability by enhancing osseointegration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) causes an enhanced effect in the bone implant contact.

Need for the Study: There are no definitive therapies/protocol of LLLT in cases of bone density of D3 and D4. Also, there are no studies in literature which compares the different laser settings so that a standardised setting can be established. Therefore, there is a need to generate evidence, whether reducing the number of appointments and reducing the amount of energy given in D3 and D4 (compromised) bone can help achieve early loading in patients.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of three different photobiomodulation therapies on primary and secondary implant stability in D3 and D4 bone type in comparison to control group to achieve early loading.

Materials and Methods: This randomised controlled, double-blinded trial allocated 108 patients having D3 or D4 bone, according to Misch classification into six groups. Three different PBM therapy which is either therapy A, B or C (placebo) will be used. The implant stability will be measured by Ostell meter in Implant Stability Quotients (ISQ) scale, immediately after surgery, after three weeks, after 12 weeks and after six months of surgery. The bone density will be measured before surgery and three months after surgery.

Expected Outcome: At the end of the study, an evidence will be generated, whether reducing the number of appointments and reducing the amount of energy given in D3 and D4 (compromised) bone can help achieve early loading in patients. Patients treated using PBM therapy, either protocol A or protocol B may show enhanced implant stability.