Bacterial population dynamics in a crude oil polluted soil undergoing bioremediation in a screen house

A study was carried out in a screen house to determine the bacterial population dynamics in a crude oil soil undergoing bioremediation. The agricultural soil samples were polluted with different concentrations (5, 8 and 11%) of crude oil. Physiochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on the polluted and unpolluted soil samples at various intervals beginning from two weeks after the pollution of the soil samples to the fourteenth week. The soil samples were found to be acidic (5.40) and rich in phosphorous (26.52 mg/kg). There were no significant differences in the pH, organic matter, sodium, potassium and magnesium of the unpolluted and the polluted soil samples. The microbial loads of the polluted soil samples were lower than the unpolluted soil samples throughout the study. The highest bacterial loads (27.00d±2.20, 19.40c±1.80, 8.70b±0.50 for 5, 8 and 11% crude oil concentration respectively) were observed, when Ewingella americana (bacterium with known crude oil degrading ability) was inoculated into the polluted soil samples. The bacterial species responsible for the bioremediation from the polluted soil samples were identified using conventional techniques. The bacterial species isolated and identified were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus spp has the highest percentage frequency (Bacillus subtilis = 30.95% and Bacillus cereus = 21.43%). The consistent isolation of these bacteria shows that they could survive the crude oil pollution and possibly utilize the crude oil, thereby making the crude oil less harmful to the environment.