Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney: Case Report and Brief Literature Review

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney is a rare tumor with an aggressive behavior. However, reported literature is very limited. We report a case of renal leiomyosarcoma in a 46 years old woman presenting with a left sided abdominal mass. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the mass to be renal in origin and involving the ipsilateral renal hilus and vein. Microscopy

reflected a malignant spindle cell neoplasm which showed strong reactivity for smooth muscle actin with negative epithelial markers, thereby confirming the diagnosis of renal leiomyosarcoma. Induction chemotherapy was indicated. After two cycles, the patient died of disease progression. Renal leiomyosarcomas have a very poor prognosis, radical nephrectomy should be the primary therapeutic method to offer the best chances of cure.